High-redshift Quasars and Hot DOGs
Research Projects
A MUSE view of high-redshift radio-loud quasars
In this project, we focus on a sample of radio-loud quasars at z > 3.5 with deep VLT/MUSE data. We study the properties of their circumgalactic medium and closest environments, by inspecting for the presence of Lyman Alpha Halos and close-by Lyman Alpha Emitters. We will compare such results with what is observed in quasars with no strong radio emission (radio-quiet).
People
The Properties of high-redshift Radio-Loud Quasars in the Epoch of Reionization
This project focuses on understanding several physical properties of powerful quasars showing strong radio emission (radio-loud) in the Epoch of Reionization (z~6). We are interested in studying their large-scale environments where these objects are found, predicted to be very rich. In order to do this, as a start, we will inspect the fields of three sources, using deep imaging data from HST and VLT/FORS2, and spectroscopy from Magellan/LDSS3. We will also inspect the properties of their host galaxies, as imaged by ALMA (5 sources), and of their innermost regions (5 sources; VLT/X-Shooter data to be taken in ESO P112).
People
Selecting high-redshift quasars candidates for the 4MOST survey “ChANGES”
In this project, we compile a catalog of high-redshift (z>5.5) quasars candidates to be followed up by 4MOST as part of the Chilean survey “ChANGES” (Chilean AGN/Galaxy Extragalactic Survey). We use a selection based on available optical/NIR large-area sky surveys, and on a custom-made spectral energy distribution routine.
Selecting 4MOST ChANGES Targets based on their SEDs
4MOST is an upcoming spectroscopic survey that throughout 5 years will obtain spectra of tens of millions of sources in the southern hemisphere. 4MOST is divided among many public surveys, including the Chilean AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (ChANGES). This public survey will obtain spectra of millions of active galactic nuclei, or AGN, selected in a number of different ways. In this project, we are leading the selection of AGN candidates based on their spectral energy distributions that will form about 50% of the final sample of ChANGES.
Merger Signatures in Hot Dust Obscured Galaxies
Hot Dust Obscured Galaxies, or Hot DOGs, are some of the most luminous obscured quasars known in the Universe. Quasars and mergers, in general, are expected to play a major role in the evolution of massive galaxies. The idea is that mergers are able to drive gas down from the ISM into the central supermassive black holes, ignite an intense episode of accretion (known as as quasar) that is at first completely dust obscured, but eventually the pressure from the photons and/or radio jets removes some of this dust, moving onto the traditional quasar phase, and eventually shuts down star formation in the galaxy. A number of studies (e.g., Stern et al. 2014, Tsai et al. 2015, 2018, Assef et al. 2015, 2022, Diaz-Santos et al. 2016, Wu et al. 2018, Zewdie et al. 2023) we shown that Hot DOGs and their environments have characteristic that make it likely that these objects correspond to that first phase of the evolution, when the very intense accretion is completely dust enshrouded. Diaz-Santos et al. (2018) dramatically showed that this picture is likely in place for the most luminous Hot DOG known, W2246-0526, by finding that the Hot DOG is at the center of a multiple merger, with dusty tidal tails joining it to its three nearest neighbors. In this project, we have carried out similar observations to those from Diaz-Santos et al. (2018) in a sample of 4 more Hot DOGs to determine if these structures are commonly observed in these objects.
Imaging Polarimetry of Blue Excess Hot Dust Obscured Galaxies
Hot Dust Obscured Galaxies represent a significant fraction of the most luminous heavily obscured quasars known in the Universe. A small subset of them, referred to as BHDs, show excess blue emission, thought to arise from scattered light from the highly obscured quasar. Detailed studies of three of these objects (Assef et al. 2016, 2020) using observations of their morphology with the Hubble Space Telescope, of the X-ray emission with the Chandra Space Telescope, of their UV through mid-IR spectra energy distributions and of their UV emission lines led to the conclusion that the blue excess is due to scattered light from the obscured quasar that powers the mid-IR. Specifically, we find that about 1% of the light from the obscured central engine escapes in some direction and is then scattered into our line of sight. The AGN is so luminous that just 1% of its luminosity is enough to completely hide the host galaxy underneath it. Recently, in Assef et al. (2022), we used imaging polarimetric observations with FORS2 at VLT in the R band of one BHD (W0116-0505, z=3.173) to confirm the nature of the blue excess as scattered light and derive properties of the scattering medium. Our preferred model is that the scatterer is a massive outflow wind driven by the quasar detected by Finnerty et al. (2020) and that may carry over 1,000 M_sun/year of gas. In this project, we are obtaining further imaging polarimetric (ImPol) observations of BHDs using FORS2 at VLT. First, we will obtain V and I ImPol observations of W0116–0505 to better constrain the nature of the scattering material. We will also obtain ImPol observations in R of four additional BHDs to evaluate the prevalence of high polarization fractions in these objects, determine whether all can be modeled with the same physical parameters, as well as assess the possible relation with massive gaseous outflows to test a recent proposed scenario for the evolutionary sequence of luminous quasars. The observations are underway as part of an A-ranked proposal in the 2023A and B semesters.